Sunlight, foliage, and birdsong

Designed by CplusC

From the architects:

The brief

CplusC was engaged to create a modest home in Sydney’s Palm Beach for a semi-retired couple, their three teenage children and friends. 

After 20 years away from their home of Sydney, the owners wanted to embrace the local landscape on their bushland site. 

They envisioned a modest, compact home that blends with the surrounding trees and where they could recharge in the canopy among sunlight, foliage, and birdsong. 

With a tight budget, the proposed construction system needed to be quick to assemble and repetitive in nature to minimise supervisor site visits, requests for information (RFIs) to the architectural team and onsite labour costs. 

The house also needed to be easy to maintain for the visiting owners. 

Having worked with us before on their previous house, the homeowners were open minded and trusted us to design and build this new home.

The site

The site was vacant land on the Palm Beach peninsula, some 40ks from the centre of Sydney. 

On a steep bushland slope, the lack of stable subsoil presented a geotechnical landslide risk. 

The structure needed to be either excavated into rock or built on concrete pier footings drilled into Hawkesbury sandstone strata. 

It must also share space with many mature trees, notably an imposing council-protected Port Jackson fig tree perched on the rocky escarpment at the southern side of the site.

The design

There’s always a temptation at such a scenic site to build something monumental to guzzle up the views, often requiring tree lopping, excavation, rock sawing and extensive retaining wall construction. 

In this case, the vision was to keep the house modest, unassuming and receptive to its environment – a place to get away and engage with the landscape, native flora and fauna, the sky and the ocean. 

Achieving this within the tight budget on the steep, rocky bushland site would require innovative construction methods to reduce complexity, construction time and the need for regular site visits.

It’s a challenging site, said principal architect Clinton Cole. 

“We had to ground the house on a rocky escarpment and dance around five mature trees. 

"Carving the house into the hill wasn’t an option – why excavate the very landscape we’re celebrating? So, we decided to plant it proudly in the ground on bored concrete piers. 

"This contradicts one of architecture’s most famous sayings: that ‘buildings should touch the earth lightly’. 

"But of course, buildings don’t do that – the construction of buildings produces 40 percent of the world’s waste – this design compensates by dramatically reducing embodied energy, using a partially prefabricated building system – a bit like a Meccano set.”

CplusC proposed a simple timber structure floating above the steep land with oversized hardwood timber columns and beams (290x45cm) contrasting the thin, lightweight roof and stilt legs. 

Extensive outdoor decking connects all the spaces of the home and the different areas for sitting, relaxing and gathering – people can lie suspended in the treetops and drink in the canopy from a cargo net bay.

“The home is humble in scale, celebrating a simple way of life immersed in the view and the natural surrounds,” says Cole. 

“The design was all about firmly planting the home in the canopies – opening it up to the sunshine, leaves, breeze, and birdlife…. a design that celebrates these pleasures in modesty.”

The owners were rapt: “When CplusC took us through their design concepts for the house we loved the simplicity – it was exactly what we wanted.”

The approvals

The Port Jackson fig tree with its thick canopy and spreading buttress roots was under a council preservation order for its ecological value. 

Our approval documentation included a 3D point cloud survey to show how we would conserve it during construction. 

This involved scanning the tree’s exact form into our Building Information Management (BIM) system.

“Once we digitise a tree and import it into our BIM 3D model, we literally know the position of every branch and every leaf so we know where to locate our post and beam portal frame system," says Cole. 

"We’re not out there chopping off limbs and mutilating mature trees. 

"So once the home is built, you have 3D engagement with the landscape and all that natural texture and beauty of the trees is fully preserved for the people living there to enjoy.”

Convinced that the proposed design would not impact the tree, the council gave approval in just seven weeks.

The build

It took less than a year to build the home thanks to the ‘Meccano set’ design. 

CplusC’s builders simply assembled all the pre-fabricated components that were delivered straight to the site – this included joinery, doors, windows, structural members and panelling. 

A simple, predictable way to build, the Meccano set approach comes with some risk. 

With all components prefabricated in advance based on CplusC drawings, there was no site measure to confirm dimensions during build. 

The risk was that they might not fit together perfectly at assembly time. 

For CplusC, it was a calculated risk because we trust our team – accountable end to end for design and build, we were confident we could work to the exactitude needed. 

In the end, it all came together exactly as planned.

Our team collaborated closely with the plumber and electrician to enable near invisibility of services, concealing pipes and cabling within the steel rectangular hollow sections (RHSs) of the construction. 

Perched high on the escarpment, the house welcomes visitors coming up the slope with a view of its corrugated iron underside, unmarred by pipes and cables.

The speedy project schedule doesn’t mean there weren’t challenges. 

The steep slope with no driveway meant builders had to carry everything uphill from the car park below. 

Visiting cockatoos loved pecking at the hardwood finishes so planned netting was expanded to keep them at a distance. 

And the centrepiece of the entrance, a massive metal spiral staircase fabricated as one piece, required a crane and all hands on deck to install.

“The spiral staircase installation had to be undertaken with great care as a major tree limb was in the path of its installation," says Cole.

"We craned it in, then screwed it around the tree branch, using the spiral to our advantage. 

"We used our 3D model of the tree to plan how we would do this without damaging the tree. 

"In complex construction challenges like this, it helps to be one team – your architect and builder need to be thinking like each other. 

"It was still a delicate operation and let’s just say there were some tense moments when it was dangling from a 100-tonne crane 35m in the air.”

It’s worth noting that the project was built during two citywide COVID-19 lockdowns, which presented unique onsite management challenges. 

Construction sites were permitted to continue operations only by adhering to strict guidelines. 

We complied with these requirements and still managed to stay on schedule. 

The result

Living in the canopy

Ascending the stone stairs and the spiral staircase, you enter a secluded space suffused with light and leaves and open to the air. 

With a soundscape of bird calls, it’s like being in a treehouse. 

Glimpses of the beach, jetty and Pittwater village shift behind foliage. 

The kitchen, living room, bathroom and two bedrooms are stacked along the outward-looking building. 

With no hallway, you’re in nature every time you leave a room.

“It’s hard to describe the feeling when you’re up there – being able to look out into the horizon from every room makes it feel like a different world,” says the owner. 

“We love lying on the hammock, looking out to the beach through the foliage – it’s very peaceful.”

Materials

The lightweight house is built for life using steel flitch beams and timber and durable materials that will age beautifully into the landscape.

Blackbutt hardwood beams and columns and the spotted gum internal wall lining harmonise with the protected Pittwater spotted gum forest all around. 

In keeping with the setting, the ceiling and roof sheeting are galvanised iron – a traditional material for Australian bush homes.

The outdoor flooring is made from low-maintenance fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP). 

In an airy pale green that echoes the Eucalypt tones, this provides the necessary privacy and security to the bedrooms. 

With a permeable grid structure, bushland grit and rainwater simply fall through the holes, reducing the need to spend getaway time sweeping. 

And unlike timber decking, FRP is weatherproof so oiling every five years isn’t required.

At night, LED strip lighting turns the home into an alluring lantern box – glowing through the holes in the FRP, it emphasises the gridded superstructure to elegant effect.

A Meccano set

The construction features a partially prefabricated system with three axis steel nodes that function as connectors. 

The timber posts and beams slot into the nodes and are bolted in place while the simple gridded system makes construction both straightforward and robust.

This approach made the project more sustainable, too. 

“The building system itself keeps a lid on the embodied energy of the project," says the architect. "We combined structural steel and timber to create the bones of the building where the timber also acts as both structure and finish. 

"That’s an instant win because timber’s embodied energy is among the lowest of any material."

Outdoor living

Most of the home’s entertaining, relaxing and gathering spaces are outside – they’re open to the air to give a peaceful holiday feel. 

A cargo net holding up to 900kgs extends the living area out into the air with a place for people to lounge and enjoy the view. 

The owner says: “The kids adore the hammock – it’s their favourite part of the house.”

Airy gridded mesh screens and webbing keep the cockatoos out and let light in, throwing intricate shadow patterns that transform through the day. 

The coastal breezes from Pittwater play through the living area thanks to large sliding doors and highlight louvres while roller blinds can be closed for privacy.

“I enjoy the openness of the house," says the owner. “Actually I love cooking at the stove – there’s no exhaust fan over the top of my head.”

Bedrooms

The children’s room puts fun and simplicity front and centre with climbing holds to scale the custom-built bunk beds.

Fully automated

Everything from the lights, locks and ceiling fans to security can be controlled remotely on a smartphone via a FIBARO system. 

This lets the owners manage the home simply from their primary residence – or anywhere they travel. 

An automated irrigation system keeps the garden thriving.

Sustainable

The project has a low embodied energy for several reasons and a big one was the decision not to excavate. 

With the innovative and lightweight Meccano set design, we significantly reduced the need for energy-intensive steel in favour of low-embodied-energy timber.

The approach was very low waste, which is important at Palm Beach, which is considered remote by Sydney standards. 

With all the components designed and created offsite, there were fewer material deliveries and waste pickups to the site itself. 

Builders, architects and project managers also travelled there less because of the simple construction.

“I went to the site three times in six months," says Cole. "Our builders spent less time on site because the assembly system was simple and fast. 

"The site was a three-hour round trip by car from our head office depending on traffic, so you’re talking a significant reduction in emissions over the six-month build period.”

The Meccano set design had a multiplier effect, reducing embodied energy in many ways and material selection reinforced the strategy. 

The hardwood wall panelling, timber floor, corrugated iron ceiling and corrugated iron underside of the house all help to lower embodied energy.

The house is environmentally aware in other ways as well.

It is carefully oriented to bring direct sunlight inside in all seasons. 

Large sliding doors and highlight louvres provide cross-ventilation. 

Plus, four Haiku ceiling fans reduce the need for air conditioning with one in the kitchen/dining space, one in the living room, and one in each of the bedrooms. 

A Tesla car charger at the base of the stairs supports electric vehicles.

The house conserves water with all fittings meeting strict AAA rating flow rates. 

A rainwater tank captures water for use in bathrooms and irrigation systems while supply to plants is adjusted automatically based on weather conditions. 

Although rooftop solar panels were considered, the site is heavily shaded year round by the beautiful mature canopies, so they were ruled out.

The owners use the house mostly on weekends. 

They can manage energy consumption easily from their main residence using a smartphone app that connects them to the fully automated wireless FIBARO system. 

They can manage energy generation and use, plus establish usage hierarchies for granular control. 

They can also control the home’s energy-efficient LED lighting – if the lights are accidentally left on or appliances are consuming too much energy, they can easily investigate and adjust settings remotely.

Integrated sustainability 

• Prefabricated construction method featuring steel flitch posts and beams – the timber component dramatically reduces the embodied energy
• Large sliding doors, highlight louvres and thoughtful building orientation optimise cross ventilation
• Thermal mass, insulation and passive solar strategies are carefully considered to achieve a comfortable environment year-round
• Tesla battery car charger
• Rainwater tank supplies bathrooms and irrigation systems

Designed by: Designed by CplusC

Story by: Trendsideas

Photography by: Murray Fredericks, Michael Lassman, Renata Dominik